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As you know,
a phrasal verb is a
phrase with two
or more words: a
verb and a
preposition
or adverb, or
both.
phrasal verb: verbo frasal o compuesto; phrase: frase;
Today we
look at very current
phrasal verbs:
ones used with
technology. The digital
age has created
many new words and
phrases in English.
very
current: muy actuales; the digital age: la era digital; has
created: ha creado;
The world of
technology is fast-changing, and
it has broken many
traditions. It is natural that the
language of computers would
also change and be
informal.
is fast-changing:
se encuentra en constante evolución; has broken: ha destruido; would
also change: también cambiara; be informal: se convirtiera en
informal;
Not only is the
language of technology
full of phrasal
verbs, it is also full of
new nouns. Many
of those nouns
grew out of phrasal verbs,
as you will learn in this
episode.
full
of: repleto de; nouns: sustantivos; grew out of: se originaron
en;
GETTING STARTED.
getting started: comenzando la lección (literalmente = poniéndonos en
movimiento);
Let’s go back to 1969,
when the first
verb sent over the
Internet was a phrasal
verb:
log in. To
log in is to enter
a code, key or
password to gain access to
the computer’s abilities. We have
been logging in
ever since then.
Sometimes we say we
have to sign in
to a web page.
let's
go back: regresemos; sent over: lanzado por; log in:
comenzar/iniciar sesión, acceder/ingresar al sistema; code: código;
key: clave; password: contraseña; to gain access: para poder
ingresar; abilities: capacidades; ever since then: desde entonces
(en todo momento); sign in to: registrarse en;
Like now,
we started a computer by
hooking
up wire
cables and
then powering it up
or turning it on.
Some computers took a
long time to
boot up,
or get
ready to run programs.
like now:
como (lo hacemos) ahora; started: arrancábamos; by hooking up:
conectando; wire cables: cables de acero (eléctricos); powering it up:
poniéndola en marcha; turning it on: encendiéndola; took a long time
to: insumían mucho tiempo para; boot up: arrancar (un ordenador o
computadora); get ready: estar listos/as; to run programs: para
ejecutar programas;
Now, we do
not have to wait as
long. To install
new applications on the computer,
users run a
set up
program. Then we
click
on the icon, or
image, for a program to
run it.
as
long: tanto tiempo; to install: para instalar; applications:
programas utilitarios; users run: (los) usuarios ejecutan; set up
program: programa de configuración; click on: pulsar (hacer clic)
sobre; icon: ícono; for a program to run it: para que un programa
lo ejecute;
After
opening a program, you
choose commands from a
menu. These menus
are stored in a
pull-down
or drop-down bar
near the top of the
screen.
after
opening (after + ING verb): después de abrir; choose commands from:
seleccionas comandos o alternativas desde; are stored: se conservan;
pull-down bar = drop-down bar: menú desplegable; near the top of the
screen: cerca de la parte superior de la pantalla (del monitor);
A click of the
mouse – the hand-held
device that guides the
cursor around the
computer screen – shows
more commands on the
bar. That bar is
often called the
navigation
bar or
nav bar.
mouse:
ratón; hand-held device: dispositivo móvil; that guides the cursor:
que guía al cursor (puntero); around: alrededor de; bar: barra;
often called: a menudo denominada; navigation bar = nav bar: barra de
navegación (horizontal o vertical);
This leads us to
our first noun
from a phrasal verb,
pulldown.
When we give
instructions to a friend about
using a web page,
we can say, “Look
in the nav bar for the
pulldown and choose a
command”.
this
leads us: esto nos conduce a; the pulldown: el desplegable (menú);
Another
verb that describes up-and-down
movement on the screen is
scroll
up or
scroll down.
A wheel on the mouse
allows you to
scroll up
or
scroll down
to read a web page.
We can click on
an arrow to move to the
next screen, too.
up-and-down
movement: desplazamiento hacia arriba y hacia abajo; scroll up / scroll
down: subir/bajar (en la pantalla); wheel: rueda; allows you:
te permite; arrow: flecha;
STORAGE AND OTHER PROBLEMS.
storage: almacenamiento (de archivos);
Installing
upgrades can
sometimes damage
files. So, users
should always
back up
their files. That is,
copy files and
folders to another location,
like an external
disk drive. A user
who stores many
large files will
soon run out of
room on the computer,
so keeping files
on an extra hard
drive is a good idea.
installing upgrades: instalar actualizaciones; damage files: dañar
archivos; back up: respaldar archivos (hacer copia de resguardo o
seguridad); folders: carpetas; location: ubicación; like:
como; external: externo; disk drive: disquetera, unidad de disco;
who stores: que guarda; run out of room: quedarse sin espacio libre
(en el disco); extra: adicional;
This phrasal
verb became a noun,
too. Experts tell
us, “Put your
backups
in a safe place”.
backups: respaldos, soportes; safe place: lugar seguro;
My parents
used to
print out
their emails
because they wanted to
keep a permanent
copy, and here is another
new noun: a
printout. The phrasal
verb print
out is a separable
phrasal verb. That
means you can
put a pronoun
between the verb and preposition,
as in “Let me
print it
out
for you”.
used
to print out: solían imprimir; printout: impresión; as in:
como en; print it out: imprimirlo;
Even when
we use passwords,
criminals have learned to
enter a computer or a
network without
permission. They are
hacking
into the
network. Hacking can
make computer
systems go down, or
stop working.
even
when we use: aunque usemos; criminals: los delincuentes; have
learned to enter: han aprendido a ingresar a; network: red;
without: sin; hacking into: accediendo ilegalmente (pirateando);
hacking: la piratería; go down: dejar de funcionar ("caerse");
A disaster
could happen if the
hacker
wiped out, or
erased, all the
information on a computer system.
That is why you
back up
your system.
disaster: desastre; could happen: podría ocurrir; hacker:
pirata informático; wiped out: destruyera, eliminara; erased:
borrara;
ANNOYING ADVERTISING.
annoying advertising: publicidad invasiva o molesta;
Internet
advertisements, or "ads", pop up
on the screen over a
web page. This
created a new noun from the
phrasal verb,
popup.
People said they
needed a tool to
block those annoying
ads, so the “popup
blocker” was born.
This feature is part of the
browser
software.
ads:
avisos comerciales; pop up: surgen (a veces de forma inesperada);
popup: ventana emergente; popup blocker: bloqueador de ventanas
emergentes; was born: surgió, nació; feature: característica,
prestación; browser software: programa del navegador web;
Speaking of
browsers, another phrasal
verb that became a
noun is
plug
in. You
know that you can
plug a wire into
the wall. Now, we
add small programs to
perform specific
tasks in the computer, and
call them
plugins.
plug in:
conectar, enchufar; specific tasks: tareas específicas; plugins:
programas auxiliares, módulos informáticos;
Companies
often will ask for your
email address.
They create a large
list of users from
their email addresses.
When we
sign up
to use a website, we
key in our
name and email
address.
will
ask for: te pedirán; sign up: inscribirse, registrarse, apuntarse;
key in: introducir (información en un formulario);
The organization
running an online
service usually asks us to
opt in,
or choose to receive
email messages.
Usually those messages are
asking us to buy
products. There are so
many of these
emails now that many
people try to
filter out
all messages from
advertisers – otherwise known
as spam.
running:
que administra; to opt in: optar por ser incluido en un servicio de
Internet; to filter out: filtrar (los emails que nos nos interesan);
otherwise known as spam: por otra parte conocidos como correo basura;
GETTING OFF THE GRID.
getting off the grid: bajándote de la red;
If you
think that the Internet is
full of too many
advertisements, and your
email is nothing but
spam, just click
on the menu to
shut down
and turn off your
devices for the day.
Get off what we
called “the information
superhighway” and take a walk
outside. Wait!
There is one final
phrasal verb to
describe that: go offline!
too many:
demasiados; is nothing but spam: es puro correo basura; to shut down:
para cerrar (los programas); turn off: apagar; devices:
dispositivos, aparatos; get off: bájate; the information superhighway:
la superautopista de la información; take a walk outside: sale a pasear;
go offline!: ¡desconéctate!
For Learning
English Everyday
Grammar, I’m Jill Robbins. And I’m John
Russell. |
