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¿QUÉ SABES ACERCA DE LAS VITAMINAS? Un interesante artículo que describe el origen de la palabra "vitamina" y analiza cada una de ellas.
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WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT VITAMINS? |
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This is "Science
in the News" in VOA Special English. I’m Bob Doughty. And I’m Faith Lapidus.
This week, we tell about vitamins. |
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The word
“vitamin” dates back to Polish scientist Casimir Funk in 1912. He was studying a
substance in the hull that covers rice. This substance was believed to cure a
disorder called beriberi. Funk believed the substance belonged to a group of
chemicals known as amines. He added the Latin word "vita," meaning life. So he
called the substance a “vitamine” – an amine necessary for life. |
dates back to: se remonta al; Polish: polaco; hull: cáscara; rice: arroz; was believed to cure: se pensaba que curaba; disorder: enfermedad; beriberi: enfermedad producida por una deficiencia en vitamina B1; belonged to: pertenecía a; chemicals: compuestos químicos; amines: aminos; vita: vida (en latín); |
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Which foods should be eaten to keep us healthy? Let us look at some important vitamins for these answers. |
should be eaten: deberían ingerirse; to keep us: para mantenernos; healthy: sanos; |
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Vitamin A helps prevent skin and other tissues from becoming dry. It is also needed to make a light-sensitive substance in the eyes. People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in darkness. They may develop a condition that dries the eyes. This can result in infections and lead to blindness. |
helps prevent: ayuda a prevenir; tissues: tejidos (conjunto de células); dry: seco, deshidratado; light-sensitive: sensible a la luz; in darkness: en la oscuridad; develop: contraer; condition: problema de salud; that dries: que seca; lead to: llevar a, conducir a; blindness: ceguera; |
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Vitamin A is
found in fish liver oil. It also is in the yellow part of eggs. Sweet potatoes,
carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that
the body can change into vitamin A. |
is found: se encuentra; fish liver oil: aceite de hígado de pescado; yellow part: yema; sweet potatoes: batata, camote, papa dulce; darkly colored: de color oscuro; contain: contienen; |
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Vitamin B-one
is also called thiamine. Thiamine changes starchy foods into energy. It also
helps the heart and nervous system work smoothly. Without it, we would be weak
and would not grow. We also might develop beriberi. Thiamine is found not just
in whole grains like brown rice, but also in other foods. These include beans
and peas, nuts, and meat and fish. |
thiamine: tiamina; changes starchy foods: convierte a los alimentos altos en calorías; into energy: en energía; smoothly: sin dificultades; without it: sin ella; weak: débiles; would not grow: no desarrollaríamos; whole grains: granos enteros; brown rice: arroz integral; beans: porotos; peas: arvejas; nuts: nueces; |
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Another B-vitamin
is niacin. It helps cells use food energy. It also prevents pellagra – a disease
that causes weakness, reddish skin and stomach problems. Niacin is found in meat,
fish and green vegetables. |
niacin: niacina; cells: las células; prevents pellagra: previene la pelagra (enfermedad causada por una dieta deficiente); weakness: debilidad; reddish skin: piel enrojecida; stomach problems: malestares estomacales; |
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Vitamin B-12
is needed so folic acid can do its work. Together, they help produce red blood
cells. Vitamin B-12 is found naturally in foods like eggs, meat, fish and milk
products. Folic acid has been shown to prevent physical problems in babies when
taken by their mothers during pregnancy. Vitamin B-12 is found in green leafy
vegetables and other foods, like legumes and citrus fruits. In some countries,
it is added to products like bread. |
folic acid: ácido fólico (necesario para el crecimiento celular y la reproducción); help produce: ayudan a generar; blood cells: glóbulos sanguíneos; milk products: productos lácteos; during pregnancy: durante el embarazo; leafy: cubiertos de hojas; legumes: legumbres; citrus fruits: frutas cítricas; added: adicionado; |
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Vitamin C is
needed for strong bones and teeth, and for healthy blood passages. It also helps
wounds heal quickly. The body stores little vitamin C. So we must get it every
day in foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes and uncooked cabbage. |
strong bones: huesos sólidos; teeth: dientes; blood passages: conductos sanguíneos; wounds: (las) heridas; to heal: cicatrizar; stores little: almacena poca cantidad de; uncooked cabbage: repollo crudo; |
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Vitamin D increases levels of the element calcium in the blood. Calcium is needed for nerve and muscle cells to work normally. It also is needed to build strong bones. Vitamin D prevents the children’s bone disease rickets. Ultraviolet light from the sun changes a substance in the skin into vitamin D. Fish liver oil also contains vitamin D. In some countries, milk producers add vitamin D to milk so children will get enough. |
increases: aumenta; calcium: calcio; nerve and muscle cells: células nerviosas y musculares; rickets: raquitismo; milk producers: los productores de leche; |
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Vitamin K is needed for healthy blood. It thickens the blood around a cut to stop bleeding. Bacteria in the intestines normally produce vitamin K. It can also be found in pork products, liver and in vegetables like cabbage, kale and spinach. |
thickens: espesa; cut: cortadura, incisión; to stop bleeding: para dejar de sangrar; pork products: productos porcinos; liver: hígado; cabbage: repollo (col, berza); kale: col rizada, coliflor; spinach: espinaca; |
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Some people fear they do not get enough vitamins from the foods they eat. So they take products with large amounts of vitamins. They think these products, called vitamin supplements, will improve their health and protect against disease. Many adults now take vitamin supplements every day. |
fear: temen; large amounts: gran cantidad; vitamin supplements: suplementos vitamínicos; will improve: mejorarán; against disease: contra las enfermedades; |
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Several studies have not been able to show that taking vitamin supplements in addition to a balanced diet helps to prevent disease. One study found that older Americans do not get enough Vitamin C and required minerals. The study involved more than 6,000 individuals. More than half of them took vitamin supplements. |
have not been able to: no han podido; in addition to: además de; balanced diet: dieta equilibrada; to prevent disease: a prevenir enfermedades; found: detectó; required minerals: los minerales necesarios; involved: involucró; individuals: personas; more than half: más del 50%; took: ingerían, tomaban; |
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Vitamins are important to our health. A lack of required vitamins can lead to health problems. Different vitamins are found in different foods – grains, vegetables and fruits, fish and meat, eggs and milk products. And even foods that contain the same vitamins may have them in different amounts. Experts say this is why it is important to eat a mixture of foods every day, to get enough of the vitamins our bodies need. |
important to: importantes para; a lack of: una falta (ausencia) de; can lead to: puede conducir a; are found: se encuentran; and even: y hasta (los); amounts: cantidades; mixture: mezcla, combinación; to get enough: para obtener lo suficiente; our bodies need: que nuestros cuerpos necesitan; |
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This "Science in the News" program was written by Brianna Blake. I’m Faith Lapidus. And I’m Bob Doughty. |
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